Competition will be keen for jobs at large metropolitan and national newspapers, broadcast stations, and magazines; small publications and broadcast stations and online newspapers and magazines should provide the best opportunities.
Most employers prefer individuals with a bachelor's degree in journalism or mass communications and experience gained at school newspapers or broadcasting stations or through internships with news organizations.
Jobs often involve long, irregular hours and pressure to meet deadlines.
Commercial and industrial designers usually work closely with a range of specialists including engineers, materials scientists, marketing and corporate strategy staff, cost estimators, and accountants.
A bachelor's degree is usually required for entry.
Many postsecondary teachers find the environment intellectually stimulating and rewarding because they are surrounded by others who enjoy the subject.
Educational qualifications range from expertise in a particular field to a Ph.D., depending on the subject taught and the type of educational institution.
Competition is expected for tenure-track positions; better opportunities are expected for part-time or non-tenure-track positions.
Ph.D. recipients should experience the best job prospects.
Market and survey researchers can enter the occupation with a bachelor's degree, but those with a master’s or Ph.D. in marketing or a social science should enjoy the best opportunities.
Researchers need strong quantitative skills and, increasingly, knowledge of conducting web-based surveys.
Employment is expected to grow much faster than average.
Federal, State, and local governments employ 44 percent of all environmental scientists and specialists.
A bachelor’s degree in any life or physical science is generally sufficient for most entry-level positions, although many employers prefer a master’s degree.
Job prospects are expected to be favorable, particularly for environmental health workers in State and local government.
Faster than average growth is expected as agricultural and food scientists develop new products using biotechnology and work to limit the negative environmental impact of agriculture.
A bachelor's degree in agricultural science is sufficient for most jobs in product development; a master's or Ph.D. degree is generally required for research positions.
About 21 percent of architects are self-employed—almost 3 times the proportion for all occupations.
Licensing requirements include a professional degree in architecture, at least 3 years of practical work, training, and passing all divisions of the Architect Registration Examination.
Architecture graduates may face competition, especially for jobs in the most prestigious firms.
Candidates should have strong quantitative and computer skills; employers prefer workers who have completed advanced math courses.
Employment is projected to grow much faster than average.
Individuals with a master's or Ph.D. degree in operations research or management science should have excellent employment prospects; some entry-level positions are available to those with a bachelor’s degree.
